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Genetics - Some terms
| Term |
Meaning |
| Allele |
An allele is modification of a gene due to mutation.
The „normal gene“ is called the wild type of the gene. |
| Autosome |
Each normal chromosome
which differs from the sex-chromosome. |
| Allosome |
Sex-chromosome, also
called gonosome:
gonosomal inheritance |
| Autosomal |
A trait is inherited
sex-independent:
autosomal inheritance |
| Locus |
The location of a gene
on a chromosome is called locus. |
| Homozygous |
Both alleles of the gene
are identical. |
| Heterozygous |
The two alleles of the
gene are different. |
| Phenotype |
Appearance |
| Genotype |
Genetic conformation
resulting equally from both parents. |
| Dominant |
An allele covers the
other one, i.e. its expression can be seen in the phenotype. |
| Recessive |
Both alleles of a gene
must be identical to see their expression in the phenotype. |
| Sex-linked |
Sex-linked inheritance
(= gonosomal) of a trait whose genes are either located on the
X-chromosome or on the Y-chromosome. |
Writing
© katzenzeitung 2/2007 |
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