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Melanocytes

Melanocytes are cells, whose main task is to synthesize Melanin.
The preliminary stage of the melanocytes is called melanoblast.
The process of synthesizing the melanin starts in the melanosomes using the key enzyme Tyronase. Melanosomes are produced and proliferated by the  Golgi-Apparatus in the melanocytes, which produces them as vesicles pinching off its membrane, the melanosomes then migrate into epidermic cells.

Melanocytes are present

A functional disorder (=dysfunction) in the process or in involved agents (i.e. in tyronase, in structure proteins) leads to hyper-pigmentation or depigmentation.

Melanin

Melanin is a pigment, which has very important functions:

Eumelanin is based on black.
Pheomelanin is based on Orange/Red.